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separate records

  • 1 separate records

    Общая лексика: обособленный учёт

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > separate records

  • 2 maintain separate records of income and expenses

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > maintain separate records of income and expenses

  • 3 separate

    1 adjective ['sepərət]
    (a) (different, distinct → category, meaning, issue) distinct, à part; (→ incident, times, episodes) différent;
    ∎ that's quite a separate matter ça, c'est une toute autre affaire;
    ∎ the two issues are quite separate les deux problèmes sont distincts;
    ∎ they sleep in separate rooms (children) ils ont chacun leur chambre; (couple) ils font chambre à part;
    ∎ administration and finance are in separate departments l'administration et les finances relèvent de services différents;
    ∎ the canteen is separate from the main building la cantine se trouve à l'extérieur du bâtiment principal;
    ∎ begin each chapter on a separate page commencez chaque chapitre sur une nouvelle page;
    ∎ use a separate piece of paper utilisez une feuille séparée;
    ∎ I'd prefer them to come on separate days je préférerais qu'ils viennent à des jours différents;
    ∎ it happened on four separate occasions cela s'est produit à quatre reprises;
    ∎ she likes to keep her home life separate from the office elle tient à ce que son travail n'empiète pas sur sa vie privée;
    ∎ the peaches must be kept separate from the lemons les pêches et les citrons ne doivent pas être mélangés;
    ∎ he was kept separate from the other children on le tenait à l'écart ou on l'isolait des autres enfants;
    ∎ separate but equal = doctrine en vigueur aux États-Unis de 1896 à 1954, selon laquelle la séparation entre Noirs et Blancs était licite du moment qu'ils bénéficiaient de services (éducation, transports etc) équivalents
    (b) (independent → entrance, living quarters) indépendant, particulier; (→ existence, organization) indépendant;
    ∎ they lead very separate lives ils mènent chacun leur vie;
    ∎ they went their separate ways (after meeting) ils sont partis chacun de leur côté; figurative (in life) chacun a suivi sa route
    2 noun ['sepərət]
    (a) (in stereo) élément m séparé
    (b) American (offprint) tiré m à part
    3 transitive verb ['sepəreɪt]
    (a) (divide, set apart) séparer; (detach → parts, pieces) séparer, détacher;
    ∎ he stepped in to separate the fighting dogs il est intervenu pour séparer les chiens qui se battaient;
    ∎ the last three coaches will be separated from the rest of the train les trois derniers wagons seront détachés du reste du train;
    ∎ the Bosphorus separates Europe from Asia le Bosphore sépare l'Europe de l'Asie;
    ∎ the seriously ill were separated from the other patients les malades gravement atteints étaient isolés des autres patients;
    ∎ the records can be separated into four categories les disques peuvent être divisés ou classés en quatre catégories
    (b) (keep distinct) séparer, distinguer;
    ∎ to separate reality from myth distinguer le mythe de la réalité, faire la distinction entre le mythe et la réalité
    (c) Cookery (milk) écrémer; (egg) séparer;
    ∎ separate the whites from the yolks séparez les blancs des jaunes
    4 intransitive verb ['sepəreɪt]
    (a) (go different ways) se quitter, se séparer;
    ∎ they separated after the meeting ils se sont quittés après la réunion
    (b) (split up → couple) se séparer, rompre; (→ in boxing, duel) rompre; Politics (→ party) se scinder;
    ∎ they separated on good terms ils se sont séparés à l'amiable;
    ∎ the party separated into various factions le parti s'est scindé en diverses factions
    (c) (come apart, divide → liquid) se séparer; (→ parts) se séparer, se détacher, se diviser;
    ∎ the boosters separate from the shuttle les propulseurs auxiliaires se détachent de la navette;
    ∎ the model separates into four parts la maquette se divise en quatre parties
    ['sepərəts] (clothes) coordonnés mpl
    ►► French Canadian separate school ≃ école f libre
    séparer, trier
    se séparer
    séparer, diviser;
    ∎ to separate sth up into equal shares diviser ou partager qch en parts égales

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > separate

  • 4 be recorded in accounting records

    Общая лексика: учитываться в бухгалтерском учёте (на обособленном субсчёте по учёту = in a separate subaccount for the recording of)

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > be recorded in accounting records

  • 5 nota enmarcada en un recuadro

    (n.) = sidebar
    Ex. In the online version of a periodical, boxed texts and sidebars are sometimes excluded and sometimes indexed as separate records.
    * * *
    (n.) = sidebar

    Ex: In the online version of a periodical, boxed texts and sidebars are sometimes excluded and sometimes indexed as separate records.

    Spanish-English dictionary > nota enmarcada en un recuadro

  • 6 texto enmarcado en un recuadro

    (n.) = boxed text
    Ex. In the online version of a periodical, boxed texts and sidebars are sometimes excluded and sometimes indexed as separate records.
    * * *
    (n.) = boxed text

    Ex: In the online version of a periodical, boxed texts and sidebars are sometimes excluded and sometimes indexed as separate records.

    Spanish-English dictionary > texto enmarcado en un recuadro

  • 7 вести раздельный учёт доходов и расходов

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > вести раздельный учёт доходов и расходов

  • 8 обособленный учёт

    1) General subject: separate records
    2) Finances: segregation
    3) Sakhalin energy glossary: ring-fenced accounting

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > обособленный учёт

  • 9 cien

    adj.
    1 one-hundred, hundred, a hundred.
    2 one-hundredth.
    f. & m.
    a or one hundred.
    cien mil a o one hundred thousand
    por cien percent
    cien por cien a hundred percent;
    m.
    hundred, a hundred.
    * * *
    1 one hundred, a hundred
    1 one hundred, a hundred
    \
    cien por cien one hundred per cent
    ponerse a cien familiar to blow one's top, get all worked up Table 1 NOTA see also ciento and seis/Table 1
    * * *
    1. noun m. 2. adj.
    hundred, a hundred
    * * *
    I
    ADJ, PRON [antes de s, apócope de ciento] a hundred, one hundred

    es de lana cien por cien — it's pure wool, it's a hundred per cent wool

    - me pone a cien
    CIEN, CIENTO ► La traducción de cien(to) puede ser a hundred o one hundred: Tengo que escribir cien páginas I've got to write a o one hundred pages Murió a la edad de ciento veinte años He died at the age of a o one hundred and twenty Sin embargo, hay que utilizar siempre one hundred: ► cuando cien(to) va detrás de otra cifra: El curso cuesta dos mil ciento noventa libras The course costs two thousand one hundred and ninety pounds ► cuando se quiere precisar que se trata de cien(to) y no de doscientos {etc}: I said "one hundred" not "two hundred" Para otros usos y ejemplos ver cien I, ciento II
    ** SM bog **, lavatory, john (EEUU) *
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo invariable/pronombre a/one hundred

    cien mil — a/one hundred thousand

    es cien por cien algodón — (esp Esp) it's a hundred percent cotton

    II
    * * *
    = hundred, hundred, one hundred.
    Ex. There seems little point in hundreds of cataloguers in separate locations wading through cataloguing codes and classification schemes in order to create a variety of catalogue records for the same work.
    Ex. There seems little point in hundreds of cataloguers in separate locations wading through cataloguing codes and classification schemes in order to create a variety of catalogue records for the same work.
    Ex. It features elements of many of the trends in classification theory and practice over the past one hundred years.
    ----
    * cien por cien = one hundred percent.
    * cientos = oodles, scores.
    * cientos de = hundreds of, yards of.
    * cientos de miles = hundreds of thousands, tens of thousands.
    * cientos de millones = hundred million.
    * cien veces = hundred-fold.
    * dar cien mil vueltas = beat + Nombre + hands down, win + hands down.
    * darle cien mil vueltas a Alguien = knock + spots off + Nombre.
    * de menos del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.
    * en tanto por ciento = percentage-wise.
    * más del 10 por ciento = double digit, double figure.
    * más vale pájaro en mano que ciento volando = a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
    * Número + por ciento = by + factor of + Número, Número + percentage points.
    * por ciento = per cent [percent] (%).
    * por debajo del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.
    * por encima del 10 por ciento = double digit.
    * tanto por ciento = percentage.
    * tienda de todo a cien = dollar store.
    * veinte por ciento = two-tenths.
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo invariable/pronombre a/one hundred

    cien mil — a/one hundred thousand

    es cien por cien algodón — (esp Esp) it's a hundred percent cotton

    II
    * * *
    = hundred, hundred, one hundred.

    Ex: There seems little point in hundreds of cataloguers in separate locations wading through cataloguing codes and classification schemes in order to create a variety of catalogue records for the same work.

    Ex: There seems little point in hundreds of cataloguers in separate locations wading through cataloguing codes and classification schemes in order to create a variety of catalogue records for the same work.
    Ex: It features elements of many of the trends in classification theory and practice over the past one hundred years.
    * cien por cien = one hundred percent.
    * cientos = oodles, scores.
    * cientos de = hundreds of, yards of.
    * cientos de miles = hundreds of thousands, tens of thousands.
    * cientos de millones = hundred million.
    * cien veces = hundred-fold.
    * dar cien mil vueltas = beat + Nombre + hands down, win + hands down.
    * darle cien mil vueltas a Alguien = knock + spots off + Nombre.
    * de menos del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.
    * en tanto por ciento = percentage-wise.
    * más del 10 por ciento = double digit, double figure.
    * más vale pájaro en mano que ciento volando = a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
    * Número + por ciento = by + factor of + Número, Número + percentage points.
    * por ciento = per cent [percent] (%).
    * por debajo del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.
    * por encima del 10 por ciento = double digit.
    * tanto por ciento = percentage.
    * tienda de todo a cien = dollar store.
    * veinte por ciento = two-tenths.

    * * *
    adj inv/pron
    a/one hundred
    cien euros a/one hundred euros
    cien mil a/one hundred thousand
    es cien por cien algodón it's pure cotton, it's a hundred percent cotton
    no estoy convencido al cien por cien I'm not totally convinced
    poner a algn a cien ( Esp); to get sb annoyed
    ver tb ciento1 (↑ ciento (1))
    el cien one hundred, number one hundred
    * * *

     

    Del verbo ciar: ( conjugate ciar)

    cíen es:

    3ª persona plural (ellos/ellas/ustedes) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona plural (ellos/ellas/ustedes) imperativo

    cien adj inv/pron
    a/one hundred;
    ◊ cien mil a/one hundred thousand;

    es cien por cien algodón (esp Esp) it's a hundred percent cotton
    ■ sustantivo masculino: el cien (number) one hundred
    cien adjetivo & sustantivo masculino inv hundred
    cien personas, a o one hundred people
    cinco por cien, five per cent
    ♦ Locuciones: familiar poner a alguien a cien, to drive sb mad
    cien por cien, (completamente, de principio a fin) one hundred per cent: una sustancia cien por cien vegetal, a substance made from natural products only
    ir/andar con cien ojos, to keep your eyes peeled
    Recuerda que en inglés no tiene plural ( one/ two/three, etc. hundred) excepto cuando expresa una cantidad indeterminada: Había cientos de personas. There were hundreds of people there.

    ' cien' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - antecesor
    - antecesora
    - baja
    - bajo
    - cabida
    - casi
    - contratación
    - dividendo
    - haber
    - más
    - neta
    - neto
    - pago
    - poner
    - venir
    - ciento
    - pájaro
    English:
    A
    - aboard
    - another
    - around
    - aware
    - bet
    - by
    - deep
    - discount
    - funnel
    - horsepower
    - hundred
    - length
    - live
    - offshore
    - than
    - vicinity
    - watt
    - within
    - worth
    * * *
    cien núm
    a o one hundred;
    cien mil a o one hundred thousand;
    por cien percent;
    cien por cien a hundred percent;
    Fam
    poner a cien alguien: esa musiquilla me está poniendo a cien that tune's getting on my nerves;
    Fam
    dar cien mil vueltas a algo/alguien: mi moto le da cien vueltas a la tuya my motorbike's miles better than yours;
    ver también treinta
    * * *
    adj a o
    one hundred;
    poner a alguien a cien fam irritate s.o., get on s.o.’s nerves;
    cien por cien fig fam a hundred per cent, totally
    * * *
    cien adj
    1) : a hundred, hundred
    las primeras cien páginas: the first hundred pages
    2)
    cien por ciento : a hundred percent, through and through, wholeheartedly
    cien nm
    : one hundred
    * * *
    cien num a hundred / one hundred

    Spanish-English dictionary > cien

  • 10 distinto

    adj.
    1 different, unlike, other, unequal.
    2 distinct, distinguishable, apparent.
    3 distinct, non continuous, discrete, quite separate.
    * * *
    1 (diferente) different
    2 (claro) distinct
    ► adjetivo pl distintos,-as
    1 various, several
    * * *
    (f. - distinta)
    adj.
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) (=diferente) different (a, de from)
    2) (=definido) [perfil, vista] clear, distinct
    3) pl distintos several, various

    hay distintas opiniones sobre eso — there are several o various opinions about that

    * * *
    - ta adjetivo
    1) ( diferente) different

    ser distinto a or de algo/alguien — to be different from o (AmE) than something/somebody

    estas/te encuentro distinto — you look different

    2) (en pl, delante del n) ( varios) several, various
    * * *
    = alternative, dissimilar, different, discrete, disparate, distinct, separate, unconnected.
    Ex. An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.
    Ex. It is the identification of similarities and differences, enabling one to group together things which are similar, and separate them from things which are dissimilar.
    Ex. A variable length field takes different lengths in different records.
    Ex. Composite documents are documents which contain two or more discrete subjects.
    Ex. It is the distinct syntactical relationships in these subjects which are responsible for their being two disparate topics.
    Ex. There are two fundamentally distinct avenues to the construction of the schedules of a classification scheme.
    Ex. One of the most obvious of the limitations of this approach is that it is difficult to decide what constitutes a separate work.
    Ex. To take some very common examples, many academic libraries will not answer any enquiries at all from people unconnected with the university.
    ----
    * algo distinto de = something other than.
    * algo muy distinto de = a far cry from.
    * distinto de = other than.
    * distintos = any of a number of.
    * en distinta medida = differing, in varying measures.
    * en distintas ocasiones = at different times, at various times, on several occasions.
    * en distinto grado = in varying measures, differing, to varying degrees.
    * en distintos formatos = multiform.
    * en distintos momentos = at different times, at various times.
    * en un lugar distinto a = somewhere other than.
    * ser algo completamente distinto = be nothing of the sort.
    * * *
    - ta adjetivo
    1) ( diferente) different

    ser distinto a or de algo/alguien — to be different from o (AmE) than something/somebody

    estas/te encuentro distinto — you look different

    2) (en pl, delante del n) ( varios) several, various
    * * *
    = alternative, dissimilar, different, discrete, disparate, distinct, separate, unconnected.

    Ex: An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.

    Ex: It is the identification of similarities and differences, enabling one to group together things which are similar, and separate them from things which are dissimilar.
    Ex: A variable length field takes different lengths in different records.
    Ex: Composite documents are documents which contain two or more discrete subjects.
    Ex: It is the distinct syntactical relationships in these subjects which are responsible for their being two disparate topics.
    Ex: There are two fundamentally distinct avenues to the construction of the schedules of a classification scheme.
    Ex: One of the most obvious of the limitations of this approach is that it is difficult to decide what constitutes a separate work.
    Ex: To take some very common examples, many academic libraries will not answer any enquiries at all from people unconnected with the university.
    * algo distinto de = something other than.
    * algo muy distinto de = a far cry from.
    * distinto de = other than.
    * distintos = any of a number of.
    * en distinta medida = differing, in varying measures.
    * en distintas ocasiones = at different times, at various times, on several occasions.
    * en distinto grado = in varying measures, differing, to varying degrees.
    * en distintos formatos = multiform.
    * en distintos momentos = at different times, at various times.
    * en un lugar distinto a = somewhere other than.
    * ser algo completamente distinto = be nothing of the sort.

    * * *
    A (diferente) different
    son gemelos, pero son muy distintos they're twins, but they are very different
    distinto A or DE algo/algn:
    es totalmente distinto a ella he is totally different to o from her
    su versión de lo ocurrido es bastante distinta de la mía his version of events is quite different from o to o ( AmE) than mine
    este problema es totalmente distinto del anterior this problem is totally different from o ( frml) quite distinct from the previous one
    B (en pl, delante del n) (varios) several, various
    les preguntó a distintas personas y nadie sabía she asked several o various people and no-one knew
    * * *

    distinto
    ◊ -ta adjetivo

    1 ( diferente) different;
    ser distinto a or de algo/algn to be different from o to o (AmE) than sth/sb;
    ◊ estas/te encuentro distinto you look different

    2 (en pl, delante del n) ( varios) several, various
    distinto,-a adjetivo different
    ' distinto' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    actual
    - aparte
    - diferenciar
    - distinta
    - diversa
    - diverso
    - fonéticamente
    - otra
    - otro
    - carácter
    - concebir
    - diferente
    English:
    actual
    - cry
    - differ
    - different
    - dissimilar
    - distinct
    - separate
    - unlike
    - other
    * * *
    distinto, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [diferente] different (de o a from o to);
    su versión de los hechos era muy distinta her version of events was very different;
    es distinto venir de vacaciones a vivir aquí coming on Br holiday o US vacation is different to o from living here
    2. [claro] clear;
    su voz se oía distinta entre las demás her voice could be clearly heard among the others;
    claro y distinto perfectly clear
    3.
    distintos [varios] various;
    hay distintos libros sobre el tema there are various books on the subject;
    hay distintas maneras de preparar este plato there are various different ways of making this dish
    ♦ adv
    differently;
    en este país hacen las cosas distinto they do things differently in this country
    * * *
    adj
    1 different;
    ser distinto de be different from
    2
    :
    distintos ( varios) several
    * * *
    distinto, -ta adj
    1) diferente: different
    2) claro: distinct, clear, evident
    * * *
    distinto adj (diferente) different

    Spanish-English dictionary > distinto

  • 11 razón de ser

    raison d'être
    * * *
    raison d'être (frml); ese problema no tiene razón de razón there's no reason why there should be any problem
    * * *
    (n.) = point, raison d'etre, rationale, sense of purpose
    Ex. There seems little point in hundreds of cataloguers in separate locations wading through cataloguing codes and classification schemes in order to create a variety of catalogue records for the same work.
    Ex. The raison d'etre of the ALA is not to erradicate racial injustice and inequalities and to promote human brotherhood.
    Ex. The rationale, then, for a separate chapter of this work devoted to the cataloguing of the works of corporate bodies is threefold.
    Ex. This article argues that those in leadership roles bear a special responsibility for creating a sense of purpose in the organisation.
    * * *
    raison d'être (frml); ese problema no tiene razón de razón there's no reason why there should be any problem
    * * *
    (n.) = point, raison d'etre, rationale, sense of purpose

    Ex: There seems little point in hundreds of cataloguers in separate locations wading through cataloguing codes and classification schemes in order to create a variety of catalogue records for the same work.

    Ex: The raison d'etre of the ALA is not to erradicate racial injustice and inequalities and to promote human brotherhood.
    Ex: The rationale, then, for a separate chapter of this work devoted to the cataloguing of the works of corporate bodies is threefold.
    Ex: This article argues that those in leadership roles bear a special responsibility for creating a sense of purpose in the organisation.

    * * *
    raison d’être

    Spanish-English dictionary > razón de ser

  • 12 separación

    f.
    1 separation, distance, span, stretch.
    2 separation, division, isolation, divorcement.
    3 separation, dissociation, break-up, breakup.
    4 separation, disunion, estrangement.
    5 partition.
    6 abrus, dissepiment.
    * * *
    1 separation
    2 (espacio) space, gap
    \
    separación matrimonial / separación conyugal legal separation
    * * *
    noun f.
    3) gap
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=división) division
    2) [entre cónyuges, amigos] separation

    separación legal, separación matrimonial — legal separation

    3) (=distancia) gap, space
    4) [de un cargo] removal, dismissal

    tras su separación del cargo — after his removal o dismissal from the post

    separación del servicio — (Mil) discharge

    * * *
    1)
    a) ( división) division

    mamparas de separación — dividing o partition screens

    b) ( espacio) space, gap
    2)
    a) ( ausencia)
    b) ( del matrimonio) separation
    3) (frml) ( de un cargo) dismissal
    * * *
    = departure, displacement, divide, split, disjunction, segregation, separation, shift away from, breakup [break-up], splitting, severance, dismemberment, detachment, balkanization.
    Ex. Accounting for his departures from Panizzi's rules, Jewett explained that some of them 'conform more to rules advocated by Mr. Panizzi than to those finally sanctioned by the Trustees of the Museum'.
    Ex. It is still the same inexorably literal logic which must ultimately glance into the chaos, and small differences create infinite displacements between records.
    Ex. Nevertheless, this basic divide remains a useful distinction between two major categories of indexing systems.
    Ex. The information note may consist of a brief history of a corporate body, highlighting changes in the body's name, mergers with other bodies, splits within or between bodies, etc.
    Ex. Digital technology has ushered us into a ceaseless spiral of change which represents, not so much an evolution, but a formidable disjunction with the analog world.
    Ex. The argument advanced for this segregation is that it facilitates a search for a title, especially when the author is not known.
    Ex. This wide separation of related subject areas is one of the major criticisms of the Dewey scheme.
    Ex. This article discusses the effects of changes in the economy on the distribution of work in libraries which indicate a shift away from its female origins.
    Ex. This concern will likely increase due to the breakup of the Soviet Union and dispersal of its nuclear arsenal and the growth of global nuclear smuggling rings.
    Ex. The most obvious threat is the splitting of the media sector into separate information and entertainment sectors.
    Ex. Examples can be found where exchange of publications remains as the only form of contact after severance of diplomatic and trade relations.
    Ex. This dismemberment of the whole educational process is akin to isolating the atom; in so doing, the true state of the atom is altered.
    Ex. This is the method used in the detachment of graphic art items form albums.
    Ex. This shifts in emphasis mirror the general balkanization of modern American society.
    ----
    * carácter de separación = delimiter, separating character.
    * con una separación de + Número + palabras = within + Número + words of each other.
    * forzar la separación de = coerce + Nombre + away from.
    * punto de separación = cut-off point, stepping-off point, cut off [cutoff].
    * separación cada vez mayor entre... y = widening of the gap beween.... and, widening gap between... and.
    * separación de los continentes = continental breakup.
    * separación de servicios = unbundling.
    * separación legal = separation from bed and board, a mensa et thoro.
    * separación mediante papel = paper splitting.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( división) division

    mamparas de separación — dividing o partition screens

    b) ( espacio) space, gap
    2)
    a) ( ausencia)
    b) ( del matrimonio) separation
    3) (frml) ( de un cargo) dismissal
    * * *
    = departure, displacement, divide, split, disjunction, segregation, separation, shift away from, breakup [break-up], splitting, severance, dismemberment, detachment, balkanization.

    Ex: Accounting for his departures from Panizzi's rules, Jewett explained that some of them 'conform more to rules advocated by Mr. Panizzi than to those finally sanctioned by the Trustees of the Museum'.

    Ex: It is still the same inexorably literal logic which must ultimately glance into the chaos, and small differences create infinite displacements between records.
    Ex: Nevertheless, this basic divide remains a useful distinction between two major categories of indexing systems.
    Ex: The information note may consist of a brief history of a corporate body, highlighting changes in the body's name, mergers with other bodies, splits within or between bodies, etc.
    Ex: Digital technology has ushered us into a ceaseless spiral of change which represents, not so much an evolution, but a formidable disjunction with the analog world.
    Ex: The argument advanced for this segregation is that it facilitates a search for a title, especially when the author is not known.
    Ex: This wide separation of related subject areas is one of the major criticisms of the Dewey scheme.
    Ex: This article discusses the effects of changes in the economy on the distribution of work in libraries which indicate a shift away from its female origins.
    Ex: This concern will likely increase due to the breakup of the Soviet Union and dispersal of its nuclear arsenal and the growth of global nuclear smuggling rings.
    Ex: The most obvious threat is the splitting of the media sector into separate information and entertainment sectors.
    Ex: Examples can be found where exchange of publications remains as the only form of contact after severance of diplomatic and trade relations.
    Ex: This dismemberment of the whole educational process is akin to isolating the atom; in so doing, the true state of the atom is altered.
    Ex: This is the method used in the detachment of graphic art items form albums.
    Ex: This shifts in emphasis mirror the general balkanization of modern American society.
    * carácter de separación = delimiter, separating character.
    * con una separación de + Número + palabras = within + Número + words of each other.
    * forzar la separación de = coerce + Nombre + away from.
    * punto de separación = cut-off point, stepping-off point, cut off [cutoff].
    * separación cada vez mayor entre... y = widening of the gap beween.... and, widening gap between... and.
    * separación de los continentes = continental breakup.
    * separación de servicios = unbundling.
    * separación legal = separation from bed and board, a mensa et thoro.
    * separación mediante papel = paper splitting.

    * * *
    A
    1 (división) division
    el río sirve de separación entre las dos fincas the river marks the division between the two estates
    mamparas de separación dividing o partition screens
    la separación de palabras por sílabas the division of words into syllables
    la separación de la Iglesia y del Estado the separation of the Church and the State
    2 (distancia, espacio) space, gap
    Compuesto:
    separation of powers
    B
    1
    (ausencia): se reunieron después de dos meses de separación they met up again after not seeing each other o after being apart for two months o after a two-month period of separation
    2 (del matrimonio) separation
    están tramitando la separación (matrimonial) they are negotiating the separation
    Compuestos:
    division o separation of property
    legal separation
    C (de un cargo) dismissal
    la junta directiva decidió su separación del cargo the board of directors decided to dismiss him from the post
    * * *

    separación sustantivo femenino
    1



    2 ( del matrimonio) separation
    separación sustantivo femenino
    1 separation
    2 (distancia, espacio) space
    una separación de dos centímetros, a gap of two centimeters
    ' separación' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    llevar
    - segregación
    - doloroso
    English:
    apart
    - off
    - parting
    - separation
    - sequence
    - break
    - split
    - wrench
    * * *
    1. [de elementos] separation;
    es conveniente la separación entre el poder judicial y el ejecutivo it's best for the judiciary to be independent from the government
    Imprenta separación de colores colour separation;
    separación de poderes separation o division of powers
    2. [en el tiempo] separation;
    se reunieron tras una separación de tres meses they were reunited after a three month separation;
    se le hizo muy difícil la separación de su compañera durante tanto tiempo he found it very hard being apart from his partner for so long
    3. [matrimonial] separation
    Der separación de bienes separate estates [in matrimony];
    4. [distancia] space, distance;
    deja más separación entre los coches leave more space between the cars;
    hay demasiada separación entre las plantas the plants are too far apart
    5. [de cargo] dismissal;
    fue anunciada su separación del cargo de presidente his removal from presidential office was announced
    * * *
    f separation
    * * *
    1) : separation, division
    2) : gap, space
    * * *
    1. (en general) separation
    tras la separación, él se fue a vivir con sus padres after the separation, he went to live with his parents
    2. (espacio) gap

    Spanish-English dictionary > separación

  • 13 diferente

    adj.
    different.
    una casa diferente de o a la mía a house different from mine
    yo soy muy diferente de o a él I'm very different from him
    por diferentes razones for a variety of reasons, for various reasons
    adv.
    differently.
    se comportan muy diferente el uno del otro they behave very differently (from one another)
    * * *
    1 different
    ■ es diferente de/a todos it's different to/from them all
    * * *
    adj.
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) (=distinto) different

    ser diferente de o a algn/algo — to be different to o from sb/sth

    mi enfoque es diferente del o al tuyo — my approach is different to o from yours

    eso me da igual, diferente sería que no me invitaran a la fiesta — I don't mind about that, it would be different if they didn't invite me to the party

    2)

    diferentes — (=varios) various, several

    por aquí han pasado diferentes personalidades — various o several celebrities have been here

    * * *
    a) ( distinto) different

    ser diferente a or de alguien/algo — to be different from somebody/something

    mi familia es diferente a or de la tuya — my family is different from o to yours

    b) (en pl, delante del n) <motivos/soluciones/maneras> various
    * * *
    = alternative, dissimilar, different, differing, distinct, diverse, variant, varying, unlike, unconnected, discrepant, contrasting, differential, various, disparate, non-identical.
    Ex. An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.
    Ex. It is the identification of similarities and differences, enabling one to group together things which are similar, and separate them from things which are dissimilar.
    Ex. A variable length field takes different lengths in different records.
    Ex. Different devices for the organisation of knowledge place differing emphasis on the relative importance of these two objectives.
    Ex. There are two fundamentally distinct avenues to the construction of the schedules of a classification scheme.
    Ex. Homographs are words which have the same spelling as each other but very diverse meanings.
    Ex. If the variant heading given in the reference heading area is identified as a variant to more than one uniform heading, area 3 may contain multiple uniform headings.
    Ex. A uniform title is the title by which a work that has appeared under varying titles is to be identified for cataloguing purposes.
    Ex. The relationship of these two types of technology to librarianship is not unlike that of radio to astronomy.
    Ex. To take some very common examples, many academic libraries will not answer any enquiries at all from people unconnected with the university.
    Ex. Male heavy and light readers are found to have value systems so discrepant as to constitute almost distinct subcultures.
    Ex. The author describes 2 contrasting Florida libraries on the Gulf of Mexico, how they serve and are served by the community.
    Ex. This illustrates the puzzle that differential policies pose for users.
    Ex. The records in a computer data bases are structured in order to suit the information that is being stored for various applications.
    Ex. It is the distinct syntactical relationships in these subjects which are responsible for their being two disparate topics.
    Ex. Based on the above considerations, medicinal ingredients containing the same active moiety are classified into identical or non-identical.
    ----
    * a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].
    * algo diferente de = something other than.
    * algo muy diferente de = a far cry from.
    * anchos de diferentes tamaños = graded widths.
    * como diferente a = as distinct from.
    * con diferentes variaciones = in variation.
    * conocimiento de los diferentes soportes = media competency.
    * de diferente modo = differently.
    * de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].
    * de diferentes tonalidades de gris = grey scale [gray scale], grey scale [gray scale].
    * de forma diferente = differently shaped.
    * de un modo diferente = differentially.
    * diferente de = different to, other than.
    * diferentes ocasiones = at different times.
    * en diferente grado = differing, in varying measures.
    * en diferente medida = differing, in varying measures.
    * en diferentes momentos = at various times, at different times.
    * en diferentes ocasiones = at different times, at various times.
    * entre diferentes edades = cross-age [cross age].
    * en un lugar diferente de = somewhere other than.
    * formación en diferentes tareas = cross-training [cross training], multiskilling [multi-skilling].
    * habilidad en el manejo de diferentes soportes = media competency.
    * muy diferente de = far different... from, in marked contrast to/with.
    * opiniones diferentes = contrasting opinions.
    * pensar de un modo diferente = think out(side) + (of) the box.
    * que combina diferentes tipos de re = multi-source [multi source].
    * seguir líneas diferentes = be on different lines.
    * seguir un rumbo diferente = take + a different turn.
    * ser completamente diferente = be in a different league.
    * ser de un tipo diferente = be different in kind.
    * ser muy diferente de = be quite apart from.
    * ser un caso completamente diferente = be in a league of its own.
    * tener un concepto diferente sobre Algo = hold + different perspective on.
    * ver las cosas de diferente manera = see + things differently.
    * ver las cosas de diferente modo = see + things differently.
    * ver las cosas de una manera diferente = see + things differently.
    * ver las cosas de un modo diferente = see + things differently.
    * * *
    a) ( distinto) different

    ser diferente a or de alguien/algo — to be different from somebody/something

    mi familia es diferente a or de la tuya — my family is different from o to yours

    b) (en pl, delante del n) <motivos/soluciones/maneras> various
    * * *
    = alternative, dissimilar, different, differing, distinct, diverse, variant, varying, unlike, unconnected, discrepant, contrasting, differential, various, disparate, non-identical.

    Ex: An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.

    Ex: It is the identification of similarities and differences, enabling one to group together things which are similar, and separate them from things which are dissimilar.
    Ex: A variable length field takes different lengths in different records.
    Ex: Different devices for the organisation of knowledge place differing emphasis on the relative importance of these two objectives.
    Ex: There are two fundamentally distinct avenues to the construction of the schedules of a classification scheme.
    Ex: Homographs are words which have the same spelling as each other but very diverse meanings.
    Ex: If the variant heading given in the reference heading area is identified as a variant to more than one uniform heading, area 3 may contain multiple uniform headings.
    Ex: A uniform title is the title by which a work that has appeared under varying titles is to be identified for cataloguing purposes.
    Ex: The relationship of these two types of technology to librarianship is not unlike that of radio to astronomy.
    Ex: To take some very common examples, many academic libraries will not answer any enquiries at all from people unconnected with the university.
    Ex: Male heavy and light readers are found to have value systems so discrepant as to constitute almost distinct subcultures.
    Ex: The author describes 2 contrasting Florida libraries on the Gulf of Mexico, how they serve and are served by the community.
    Ex: This illustrates the puzzle that differential policies pose for users.
    Ex: The records in a computer data bases are structured in order to suit the information that is being stored for various applications.
    Ex: It is the distinct syntactical relationships in these subjects which are responsible for their being two disparate topics.
    Ex: Based on the above considerations, medicinal ingredients containing the same active moiety are classified into identical or non-identical.
    * a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].
    * algo diferente de = something other than.
    * algo muy diferente de = a far cry from.
    * anchos de diferentes tamaños = graded widths.
    * como diferente a = as distinct from.
    * con diferentes variaciones = in variation.
    * conocimiento de los diferentes soportes = media competency.
    * de diferente modo = differently.
    * de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].
    * de diferentes tonalidades de gris = grey scale [gray scale], grey scale [gray scale].
    * de forma diferente = differently shaped.
    * de un modo diferente = differentially.
    * diferente de = different to, other than.
    * diferentes ocasiones = at different times.
    * en diferente grado = differing, in varying measures.
    * en diferente medida = differing, in varying measures.
    * en diferentes momentos = at various times, at different times.
    * en diferentes ocasiones = at different times, at various times.
    * entre diferentes edades = cross-age [cross age].
    * en un lugar diferente de = somewhere other than.
    * formación en diferentes tareas = cross-training [cross training], multiskilling [multi-skilling].
    * habilidad en el manejo de diferentes soportes = media competency.
    * muy diferente de = far different... from, in marked contrast to/with.
    * opiniones diferentes = contrasting opinions.
    * pensar de un modo diferente = think out(side) + (of) the box.
    * que combina diferentes tipos de re = multi-source [multi source].
    * seguir líneas diferentes = be on different lines.
    * seguir un rumbo diferente = take + a different turn.
    * ser completamente diferente = be in a different league.
    * ser de un tipo diferente = be different in kind.
    * ser muy diferente de = be quite apart from.
    * ser un caso completamente diferente = be in a league of its own.
    * tener un concepto diferente sobre Algo = hold + different perspective on.
    * ver las cosas de diferente manera = see + things differently.
    * ver las cosas de diferente modo = see + things differently.
    * ver las cosas de una manera diferente = see + things differently.
    * ver las cosas de un modo diferente = see + things differently.

    * * *
    1 (distinto) different ser diferente A or DE algn/algo:
    mi familia es diferente a or de la tuya my family is different from o to yours
    su versión es diferente a or de la tuya her version is different from o to o ( AmE) than yours
    es un lugar diferente de todos los que he visitado hasta ahora it is unlike any other place I have visited so far
    2 (en pl, delante del n) ‹motivos/soluciones/maneras› various
    diferentes personas manifestaron esa misma opinión various (different) people expressed the same opinion
    existen diferentes enfoques del problema there are a variety o a number of (different) ways of looking at the problem, there are various (different) ways of looking at the problem
    nos hemos encontrado en diferentes ocasiones we've met several times o on several o on various occasions
    por diferentes razones for a variety o a number of reasons, for various reasons
    * * *

     

    diferente adjetivo

    ser diferente a or de algn/algo to be different from sb/sth
    b) (en pl, delante del n) ‹motivos/soluciones/maneras› various;


    diferente
    I adjetivo different [de, from]
    II adverbio differently: ¿no crees que deberíamos atacar el problema de una forma diferente?, don't you think that we should approach the problem differently?
    ' diferente' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    discrepar
    - otra
    - otro
    - separada
    - separado
    - desigual
    - dispar
    - distinto
    - diverso
    English:
    differ
    - different
    - distinct
    - off-beat
    - unalike
    - unlike
    - alternative
    - dissimilar
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    1. [distinto] different (de o a from o to);
    una casa diferente de o [m5] a la mía a house different from mine;
    yo soy muy diferente de o [m5] a él I'm very different from him;
    fue una experiencia diferente it was something different
    2.
    diferentes [varios] various;
    se oyeron diferentes opiniones al respecto various opinions were voiced on the subject;
    por diferentes razones for a variety of reasons, for various reasons;
    ocurre en diferentes lugares del planeta it happens in various different places around the world
    ♦ adv
    differently;
    se comportan muy diferente el uno del otro they behave very differently (from one another)
    * * *
    adj different
    * * *
    distinto: different
    * * *
    diferente adj different

    Spanish-English dictionary > diferente

  • 14 prevenir

    v.
    1 to prevent.
    Ricardo previno el accidente Richard prevented the accident.
    2 to warn.
    te prevengo de que la carretera es muy mala be warned that the road is very bad
    Ricardo previno a María del peligro Richard warned Mary of the danger.
    3 to foresee, to anticipate.
    4 to make it impossible to, to make it difficult to.
    Lisa previno ejecutar el programa Lisa made it impossible to execute the..
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ VENIR], like link=venir venir
    1 (evitar) to avoid, prevent
    2 (advertir) to warn
    \
    más vale prevenir que curar prevention is better than cure
    * * *
    verb
    2) warn
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=evitar) to prevent; (=prever) to foresee, anticipate
    2) (=advertir) to warn

    prevenir a algn — to warn sb, put sb on his guard (contra, de against, about)

    3) (=predisponer) to prejudice, bias ( a favor de in favour of) ( en contra de against)
    4) (=preparar) to prepare, get ready ( para for)
    5) (=proveer)
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) <enfermedad/accidente> to prevent
    b) (advertir, alertar) to warn
    2.
    prevenirse v pron

    prevenirse CONTRA algo — to take preventive o preventative measures against something, take precautions against something

    * * *
    = caution (against), forewarn, preclude, prevent, sound + a note of caution, sound + a word of caution, forestall, avert, sound + a wake-up call, ward off, admonish, head off, thwart.
    Ex. We may be fooling ourserlves and I would caution public libraries, school libraries and libraries in general that indeed one code might not satisfy all our needs.
    Ex. I think a person would be derelict in his or her duty not to forewarn someone about a problem.
    Ex. His obsessive concern for detail precluded the delegation of responsibility to others.
    Ex. To prevent an entry under the first name(s), these must be entered on a separate line with the subfield code 'j'.
    Ex. Ranganathan himself sounds a note of caution when he warns that, because the use of this device requires an uncommon degree of `spiritual insight', any notation suggested by it should be discussed widely before being finalized.
    Ex. A word of caution must also be sounded over the word 'Kommune' which is found in some Scandinavian countries.
    Ex. In order to forestall such an event, some libraries in Britain were stung into action by the publication of an Act of Parliament which totally ignored public libraries.
    Ex. He often did this, almost unconsciously, to avert an immediate sign of reaction to an irksome confrontation.
    Ex. The article 'Robert Nawrocki sounds a wake-up call for records managers' reports an interview with the President of ARMA (Association of Records Managers and Administrators) International.
    Ex. The most strenuous efforts will not always ensure success, nor the boldest arm of human power ward off the stroke of misfortune.
    Ex. For nearly half a century librarians have been admonished to use history as a means to prevent mistakes and solve problems.
    Ex. And this stimulus is working in the sense that it has headed off the imminent risk of a deflationary spiral.
    Ex. A public library's design can go far in either reinforcing or thwarting the intimacy of reading and in determining its success -- functionally, aesthetically and financially.
    ----
    * más vale prevenir que curar = a stitch in time saves nine, better (to be) safe than sorry.
    * prevenir contra = ward against.
    * prevenir en contra de = ward against.
    * prevenir una infección = prevent + infection.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) <enfermedad/accidente> to prevent
    b) (advertir, alertar) to warn
    2.
    prevenirse v pron

    prevenirse CONTRA algo — to take preventive o preventative measures against something, take precautions against something

    * * *
    = caution (against), forewarn, preclude, prevent, sound + a note of caution, sound + a word of caution, forestall, avert, sound + a wake-up call, ward off, admonish, head off, thwart.

    Ex: We may be fooling ourserlves and I would caution public libraries, school libraries and libraries in general that indeed one code might not satisfy all our needs.

    Ex: I think a person would be derelict in his or her duty not to forewarn someone about a problem.
    Ex: His obsessive concern for detail precluded the delegation of responsibility to others.
    Ex: To prevent an entry under the first name(s), these must be entered on a separate line with the subfield code 'j'.
    Ex: Ranganathan himself sounds a note of caution when he warns that, because the use of this device requires an uncommon degree of `spiritual insight', any notation suggested by it should be discussed widely before being finalized.
    Ex: A word of caution must also be sounded over the word 'Kommune' which is found in some Scandinavian countries.
    Ex: In order to forestall such an event, some libraries in Britain were stung into action by the publication of an Act of Parliament which totally ignored public libraries.
    Ex: He often did this, almost unconsciously, to avert an immediate sign of reaction to an irksome confrontation.
    Ex: The article 'Robert Nawrocki sounds a wake-up call for records managers' reports an interview with the President of ARMA (Association of Records Managers and Administrators) International.
    Ex: The most strenuous efforts will not always ensure success, nor the boldest arm of human power ward off the stroke of misfortune.
    Ex: For nearly half a century librarians have been admonished to use history as a means to prevent mistakes and solve problems.
    Ex: And this stimulus is working in the sense that it has headed off the imminent risk of a deflationary spiral.
    Ex: A public library's design can go far in either reinforcing or thwarting the intimacy of reading and in determining its success -- functionally, aesthetically and financially.
    * más vale prevenir que curar = a stitch in time saves nine, better (to be) safe than sorry.
    * prevenir contra = ward against.
    * prevenir en contra de = ward against.
    * prevenir una infección = prevent + infection.

    * * *
    vt
    1 ‹enfermedad/accidente/desgracia› to prevent
    ayuda a prevenir la caries it helps prevent tooth decay
    más vale prevenir que curar prevention is better than cure
    más vale prevenir que lamentar better safe than sorry
    2 (advertir, alertar) to warn
    previnieron a los conductores del mal estado de las carreteras drivers were warned of the bad state of the roads
    prevenirse CONTRA algo to take preventive o preventative measures AGAINST sth, take precautions AGAINST sth
    * * *

     

    prevenir ( conjugate prevenir) verbo transitivo
    a) ‹enfermedad/accidente› to prevent

    b) (advertir, alertar) to warn

    prevenirse verbo pronominal prevenirse CONTRA algo to take preventive o preventative measures against sth, take precautions against sth
    prevenir verbo transitivo
    1 (enfermedades, etc) to prevent: más vale prevenir que curar, prevention is better than cure
    2 (advertir, alertar) to warn: me previno contra él, she warned me about him
    te prevengo de que no estoy muy dispuesta a ir, I want you to know that I'm not very inclined to go
    ' prevenir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    advertir
    - avisar
    - salud
    - ir
    English:
    avert
    - forestall
    - forewarn
    - precaution
    - prevent
    - ward off
    - warn
    - head
    - safe
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [evitar] to prevent;
    para prevenir la gripe to prevent flu;
    un medicamento que previene contra la malaria a medicine that protects against malaria;
    más vale prevenir que curar prevention is better than cure
    2. [avisar] to warn;
    te prevengo de que la carretera es muy mala be warned that the road is very bad
    3. [prever] to foresee, to anticipate
    4. [predisponer]
    prevenir a alguien contra algo/alguien to prejudice sb against sth/sb
    * * *
    v/t
    1 ( evitar) prevent;
    más vale prevenir que curar prevention is better than cure
    2 ( avisar) warn ( contra against)
    * * *
    prevenir {87} vt
    1) : to prevent
    2) : to warn
    * * *
    prevenir vb (evitar) to prevent

    Spanish-English dictionary > prevenir

  • 15 Bücher

    Bücher npl RW books, ledgers • Bücher prüfen RW audit • Bücher revidieren RW audit • die Bücher abschließen RW balance the books, rule off • die Bücher frisieren RW (infrml) fiddle accounts, manipulate accounts, (infrml) cook the books • in den Büchern RW in the books
    * * *
    npl < Rechnung> books, ledgers ■ Bücher prüfen < Rechnung> audit ■ Bücher revidieren < Rechnung> audit ■ die Bücher abschließen < Rechnung> balance the books, rule off ■ die Bücher frisieren infrml < Rechnung> fiddle accounts infrml, manipulate accounts, cook the books infrml ■ in den Büchern < Rechnung> in the books
    * * *
    Bücher
    books, accounts, business records;
    • bei Abschluss unserer Bücher in closing our books;
    • mit Ihren Büchern übereinstimmend conformably to your books;
    • neu erschienene Bücher new publications;
    • frisierte Bücher cooked accounts;
    • nachlässig (unordentlich) geführte Bücher slovenly kept books, books in disorder;
    • öffentliche Bücher public registers;
    • ungeprüfte Bücher unaudited accounts;
    • gesetzlich vorgeschriebene Bücher statutory books;
    • Bücher und Geschäftspapiere books and records;
    • Bücher abschließen to balance (close) the books;
    • in den Büchern ausweisen to carry in the books;
    • Bücher in Ordnung befinden to find accounts straight;
    • nicht vorrätige Bücher auf Wunsch bestellen to obtain books to special order;
    • Bücher auf den neuesten Stand bringen to keep the books up to date;
    • Bücher einsehen to inspect the books;
    • Bücher fälschen (frisieren) to doctor (cook, manipulate) accounts;
    • Bücher führen to keep separate accounts, to maintain records;
    • getrennte Bücher führen to keep separate accounts;
    • Bücher in Euro führen to keep accounts in euros;
    • Bücher in Bausch und Bogen kaufen to buy a job lot of books;
    • Bücher prüfen to audit the accounts (books), to examine the books;
    • Bücher schließen to close the books;
    • Bücher verramschen to knock down books;
    • Bücher zur Revision vorlegen to produce accounts for inspection;
    • Umbuchung in den Büchern vornehmen to effect a transfer in the books;
    • Bücherabschluss balancing (closing) the books, rest, (vor dem Jahresende) interim closing;
    • Bücherauktion trade sale;
    • Bücherauslage (Geschäft) bookstand;
    • Bücherbestand book stock;
    • Bücherbestellzettel (Bibliothek) request slip, book order form;
    • Bücherbus mobile library, bookmobile (US).

    Business german-english dictionary > Bücher

  • 16 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 17 acumulación anual

    Ex. Weekly tapes of current records, or cumulated back files available as separate year cumulations or at block rates can be supplied.
    * * *

    Ex: Weekly tapes of current records, or cumulated back files available as separate year cumulations or at block rates can be supplied.

    Spanish-English dictionary > acumulación anual

  • 18 apoyo

    m.
    2 hold, support, stay, buttress.
    3 help, co-operation, assistance, cooperation.
    4 supporter, person who lends support, backer, prop.
    5 crutch.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: apoyar.
    * * *
    1 support
    2 figurado support, backing, help
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=ayuda) support

    apoyo psicológico — counselling, counseling (EEUU)

    2) [a una propuesta, idea] support, backing
    3) (=apoyatura) support
    * * *
    masculino support
    * * *
    = backing, endorsement, support, advocacy, prop, escort, anchor, anchor point, supportiveness, sustainment, a shoulder to cry on, backup [back-up], buttress.
    Ex. Thus the scheme has a sound organisational backing.
    Ex. The project was given endorsement by the Standing Committees of the IFLA Section on Cataloguing and the then Section on Mechanization.
    Ex. BSO was prepared by the International Federation for Documentation with the support of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization), and was published in 1978/79.
    Ex. However, what American libraries mean by advocacy is 'Work to overcome obstacles that the enquirer encounters in trying to secure help from outside resource agencies'.
    Ex. The main props to any retrospective bibliography must be a well formed national library which has a long history of collecting the records of a nation's culture.
    Ex. Escort can be seen as part of the referral process or as a separate activity of accompanying a client to ensure that the person reaches the source of help.
    Ex. This format can provide an anchor for instructional designers attempting to come to terms with the vast potential of hypertext and hypermedia.
    Ex. This article stresses the importance of the library as a permanent anchor point for the local community.
    Ex. Percentage of books in a discipline charged out by students majoring in other disciplines was defined as the ' supportiveness' of that discipline.
    Ex. America's present need is not heroics, but healing; not nostrums, but normalcy; not experiment, but equipoise; not submergence in internationality, but sustainment in triumphant nationality.
    Ex. I recalled how bereft we felt when we lost our son and how friends and neighbours rallied round and offered a shoulder to cry on.
    Ex. The aggressiveness of a number of publications on this subject, replete with their accusations without any backup, can be interpreted as settling of scores.
    Ex. They used schools as a buttress of a caste system designed to subordinate blacks socially, to cramp them economically under a rigid job ceiling.
    ----
    * administrativo de apoyo = clerical employee.
    * apoyo administrativo = administrative support.
    * apoyo a la toma de decisiones = decision support.
    * apoyo del personal = staff support.
    * apoyo económico = financial support, financial backing.
    * apoyo estatal = state support.
    * apoyo financiero = financial backing.
    * apoyo moral = moral support.
    * apoyo mutuo = mutual support.
    * apoyo para los pies = footrest.
    * apoyo técnico = service support, technical support, product support, tech support.
    * apoyo técnico de aplicaciones informáticas = software support.
    * buscar apoyo = line up + support.
    * buscar el apoyo de = woo.
    * carta de apoyo = letter of support.
    * centro de apoyo a los programas de estudios = curriculum material center.
    * clases de apoyo = remedial teaching.
    * como apoyo a = in support of.
    * conseguir apoyo = mobilise + support, win + support, line up + support, gain + support.
    * contar con apoyo para = have + support for.
    * contar con el apoyo de Alguien = have + Nombre + behind + Pronombre.
    * contar con el apoyo necesario para = have + the power behind to.
    * crear apoyo = build + support.
    * dar apoyo = give + support, support, provide + support.
    * de apoyo = enabling, supportive.
    * destreza de apoyo = ancillary skill.
    * educación de apoyo = remedial education.
    * en apoyo a = in support of.
    * estructura de apoyo = support structure.
    * fomentar apoyo = build + support.
    * ganarse el apoyo = earn + support.
    * grupo de apoyo = interest group, support group.
    * herramienta de apoyo = enabler.
    * material didáctico de apoyo = study aide.
    * mecanismo de apoyo = enabler.
    * merecer apoyo = be deserving of support.
    * ofrecer apoyo = support, provide + support, rally (a)round, rally behind.
    * personal administrativo de apoyo = clerical staff, clerical worker, clerical personnel.
    * personal de apoyo = paraprofessional staff, support staff.
    * personal de apoyo bibliotecario = library support staff.
    * personal técnico de apoyo = support staff.
    * prestar apoyo = lend + support, support.
    * prestar apoyo a = go to + bat for, bat for.
    * proporcionar apoyo = provide + support, support.
    * punto de apoyo = foothold.
    * que actúa de apoyo = supporting, supporting.
    * recabar apoyo = garner + support.
    * recibir apoyo = receive + support, attract + support.
    * redirigir el apoyo = divert + support.
    * ser un gran apoyo = be a tower of strength.
    * servicio auxiliar de apoyo familiar = respite care.
    * servicio de apoyo = backup service, support service.
    * servir de apoyo a = inform.
    * sin apoyo = unsupported.
    * sistema de apoyo a la toma de decisiones = decision support system, decision making system.
    * solicitar apoyo = canvass + support.
    * técnica de apoyo = enabling skill.
    * tecnología de apoyo = enabling technology.
    * trabajo administrativo de apoyo = clerical work.
    * trabajo de apoyo = escort work.
    * * *
    masculino support
    * * *
    = backing, endorsement, support, advocacy, prop, escort, anchor, anchor point, supportiveness, sustainment, a shoulder to cry on, backup [back-up], buttress.

    Ex: Thus the scheme has a sound organisational backing.

    Ex: The project was given endorsement by the Standing Committees of the IFLA Section on Cataloguing and the then Section on Mechanization.
    Ex: BSO was prepared by the International Federation for Documentation with the support of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization), and was published in 1978/79.
    Ex: However, what American libraries mean by advocacy is 'Work to overcome obstacles that the enquirer encounters in trying to secure help from outside resource agencies'.
    Ex: The main props to any retrospective bibliography must be a well formed national library which has a long history of collecting the records of a nation's culture.
    Ex: Escort can be seen as part of the referral process or as a separate activity of accompanying a client to ensure that the person reaches the source of help.
    Ex: This format can provide an anchor for instructional designers attempting to come to terms with the vast potential of hypertext and hypermedia.
    Ex: This article stresses the importance of the library as a permanent anchor point for the local community.
    Ex: Percentage of books in a discipline charged out by students majoring in other disciplines was defined as the ' supportiveness' of that discipline.
    Ex: America's present need is not heroics, but healing; not nostrums, but normalcy; not experiment, but equipoise; not submergence in internationality, but sustainment in triumphant nationality.
    Ex: I recalled how bereft we felt when we lost our son and how friends and neighbours rallied round and offered a shoulder to cry on.
    Ex: The aggressiveness of a number of publications on this subject, replete with their accusations without any backup, can be interpreted as settling of scores.
    Ex: They used schools as a buttress of a caste system designed to subordinate blacks socially, to cramp them economically under a rigid job ceiling.
    * administrativo de apoyo = clerical employee.
    * apoyo administrativo = administrative support.
    * apoyo a la toma de decisiones = decision support.
    * apoyo del personal = staff support.
    * apoyo económico = financial support, financial backing.
    * apoyo estatal = state support.
    * apoyo financiero = financial backing.
    * apoyo moral = moral support.
    * apoyo mutuo = mutual support.
    * apoyo para los pies = footrest.
    * apoyo técnico = service support, technical support, product support, tech support.
    * apoyo técnico de aplicaciones informáticas = software support.
    * buscar apoyo = line up + support.
    * buscar el apoyo de = woo.
    * carta de apoyo = letter of support.
    * centro de apoyo a los programas de estudios = curriculum material center.
    * clases de apoyo = remedial teaching.
    * como apoyo a = in support of.
    * conseguir apoyo = mobilise + support, win + support, line up + support, gain + support.
    * contar con apoyo para = have + support for.
    * contar con el apoyo de Alguien = have + Nombre + behind + Pronombre.
    * contar con el apoyo necesario para = have + the power behind to.
    * crear apoyo = build + support.
    * dar apoyo = give + support, support, provide + support.
    * de apoyo = enabling, supportive.
    * destreza de apoyo = ancillary skill.
    * educación de apoyo = remedial education.
    * en apoyo a = in support of.
    * estructura de apoyo = support structure.
    * fomentar apoyo = build + support.
    * ganarse el apoyo = earn + support.
    * grupo de apoyo = interest group, support group.
    * herramienta de apoyo = enabler.
    * material didáctico de apoyo = study aide.
    * mecanismo de apoyo = enabler.
    * merecer apoyo = be deserving of support.
    * ofrecer apoyo = support, provide + support, rally (a)round, rally behind.
    * personal administrativo de apoyo = clerical staff, clerical worker, clerical personnel.
    * personal de apoyo = paraprofessional staff, support staff.
    * personal de apoyo bibliotecario = library support staff.
    * personal técnico de apoyo = support staff.
    * prestar apoyo = lend + support, support.
    * prestar apoyo a = go to + bat for, bat for.
    * proporcionar apoyo = provide + support, support.
    * punto de apoyo = foothold.
    * que actúa de apoyo = supporting, supporting.
    * recabar apoyo = garner + support.
    * recibir apoyo = receive + support, attract + support.
    * redirigir el apoyo = divert + support.
    * ser un gran apoyo = be a tower of strength.
    * servicio auxiliar de apoyo familiar = respite care.
    * servicio de apoyo = backup service, support service.
    * servir de apoyo a = inform.
    * sin apoyo = unsupported.
    * sistema de apoyo a la toma de decisiones = decision support system, decision making system.
    * solicitar apoyo = canvass + support.
    * técnica de apoyo = enabling skill.
    * tecnología de apoyo = enabling technology.
    * trabajo administrativo de apoyo = clerical work.
    * trabajo de apoyo = escort work.

    * * *
    1 (respaldo) support
    no cuentan con el apoyo popular they do not have the support of the people o enjoy popular support
    agradezco el apoyo que me han brindado en todo momento I am grateful for the support you have given me throughout
    apoyo A algo support FOR sth
    han retirado su apoyo a esta iniciativa they have withdrawn their support for o their backing of this initiative
    una campaña de apoyo a la investigación científica a campaign in support of scientific research
    2 ( Ling):
    vocal/consonante de apoyo intrusive vowel/consonant
    * * *

     

    Del verbo apoyar: ( conjugate apoyar)

    apoyo es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    apoyó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    apoyar    
    apoyo
    apoyar ( conjugate apoyar) verbo transitivo
    1 ( hacer descansar) apoyo (algo en algo) to rest (sth on sth);

    2
    a) ( respaldar) ‹propuesta/persona› to back, support


    apoyarse verbo pronominal
    1 (para sostenerse, descansar) apoyose en algo to lean on sth
    2 (basarse, fundarse) apoyose en algo to be based on sth
    apoyo sustantivo masculino
    support;
    apoyo a algo support for sth
    apoyar verbo transitivo
    1 to lean
    2 (causa) to support
    apoyo sustantivo masculino support
    ' apoyo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    adhesión
    - agradecer
    - inapreciable
    - legitimar
    - negar
    - proporcionar
    - sola
    - solo
    - soporte
    - sostén
    - brindar
    - declarar
    - gestión
    - incondicional
    - manifestar
    - mayoritario
    - muleta
    - puntal
    - punto
    - respaldo
    - retirar
    - retiro
    - solicitar
    - sustento
    English:
    advocacy
    - against
    - aim
    - back
    - backing
    - backup
    - buttress
    - crutch
    - drum up
    - endorsement
    - financial
    - firm
    - foothold
    - freestanding
    - full
    - hilt
    - mass
    - moral
    - prop
    - rally
    - rest
    - solid
    - support
    - supportively
    - supportiveness
    - thankful
    - unreserved
    - whip up
    - wholehearted
    - widespread
    - win
    - with
    - by
    - foot
    - muster
    - sympathetic
    - woo
    * * *
    apoyo nm
    support;
    salieron adelante con el apoyo de su familia they got by with the support of her family;
    me dio su apoyo moral she gave me her moral support;
    buscan apoyos económicos para el proyecto they are seeking funding o financial support for the project;
    anunciaron su apoyo a la iniciativa they declared their support for the initiative;
    presentó las pruebas en apoyo de su teoría he presented the evidence to support his theory
    * * *
    m fig
    support;
    en apoyo de in support of
    * * *
    apoyo nm
    : support, backing
    * * *
    apoyo n support

    Spanish-English dictionary > apoyo

  • 19 avanzar con dificultad

    (v.) = wade through, limp, slog along, plod (along/through)
    Ex. There seems little point in hundreds of cataloguers in separate locations wading through cataloguing codes and classification schemes in order to create a variety of catalogue records for the same work.
    Ex. Both elements must be present; having commitment without resources -- or the reverse -- necessarily results in a lopsided effort that limps along ineffectively.
    Ex. Ebooks will just have to slog along at lower margins.
    Ex. He or she has to plod through the menu each time, and so it is useful if mnemonics and/or abbreviated commands can be provided.
    * * *
    (v.) = wade through, limp, slog along, plod (along/through)

    Ex: There seems little point in hundreds of cataloguers in separate locations wading through cataloguing codes and classification schemes in order to create a variety of catalogue records for the same work.

    Ex: Both elements must be present; having commitment without resources -- or the reverse -- necessarily results in a lopsided effort that limps along ineffectively.
    Ex: Ebooks will just have to slog along at lower margins.
    Ex: He or she has to plod through the menu each time, and so it is useful if mnemonics and/or abbreviated commands can be provided.

    Spanish-English dictionary > avanzar con dificultad

  • 20 en serie

    (adj.) = serially, ordinal, seriatim
    Ex. An 'item record file' is a file in which records are serially ordered by document identifier or number; each entry or record stores the total information relating to the document that is available in the system, including reference and index terms.
    Ex. The notation is purely an ordinal device to enable users to locate sections of the schedules.
    Ex. Separate batches might be bound up more or less simultaneously (perhaps by different binders), but more often they were bound seriatim, occasionally over long periods of time.
    * * *
    (adj.) = serially, ordinal, seriatim

    Ex: An 'item record file' is a file in which records are serially ordered by document identifier or number; each entry or record stores the total information relating to the document that is available in the system, including reference and index terms.

    Ex: The notation is purely an ordinal device to enable users to locate sections of the schedules.
    Ex: Separate batches might be bound up more or less simultaneously (perhaps by different binders), but more often they were bound seriatim, occasionally over long periods of time.

    Spanish-English dictionary > en serie

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